Summary

1. YOU make up the monads. This should be done in a way that makes sense in your application.

2. First principle: There should be a monad granularity.

   • The monad granularity is the least object(s) that make up the stuff of the text.
   • This can be Graphemes, Morphemes, Words, Sentences, or whatever is the smallest unit in your text, seen from the viewpoint of your application.
   • These smallest units should have the smallest monad sets.
   • The smallest monad sets need not be singletons, they can be arbitrarily large segments. This is helpful if you ever wish to split an object without moving monads around.
   • There can be more than one "least" object type.

3. Second principle: Let textually adjacent objects be adjacent in their monads.

   • In other words, objects that are adjacent in the text should be neighbors in their monads.
   • If an object B starts at monad B.first, then object A must end at monad B.first-1 if A and B are to be adjacent (in that order).

4. Third principle: Let textually embedded objects be embedded in their monads.

   • This means that higher objects should be the union set of their constituent objects.